Early applications of the technique advanced from solely sizing flaws to applications relying on TOFD for principle detection means, this pioneering technology resulted in major flaws being missed due to poor application and a general lack of understanding by persons operating the equipment.

As this technique is becoming more globally applied it is essential to maintain a base level of knowledge in order to educate practitioners as to the correct and incorrect use and interpretation of this test medium.

ToFD theory and principles of diffraction, ToFD hardware (pulsers, receivers, motor control, encoders), ToFD data acquisition and interpretation, ToFD techniques, ToFD applications, equipment selection, calibration and optimisation, optimising PCS and angles, flaw location and sizing, limitations of detection and resolution, codes and standards, reporting.